The genetic, anatomical, biological, and behavioral characteristics of rodents (primarily rats and mice) closely resembles those of humans, making them a powerful tool for modeling psychiatric diseases, providing a means to examine underlying processes, as well as to test potential therapeutic approaches. This chapter will consider the potential of this model as a model of ASD, and how it can inform understanding of ASD and the neurodevelopmental mechanisms altered by reduced social interactions early in life.Īnimal models provide a means to study behavioral and psychiatric disorders that can reveal underlying mechanisms that we are unable to address in studies in human subjects.

Most studies have looked at rodents since it appears that isolation-rearing of rodents has detrimental effects on social development, making it a valid model of ASD. In order to understand how social deprivation can affect behavior, researchers isolate animals during early adolescence.

Understanding the role of early social experience, especially play, in the development of social, cognitive, and emotional functioning will provide insight into the development of ASD. However, the symptom most characteristic of the earliest stage of ASD is decreased interest in social objects. These deficits include impairments in communication, social perception, and social behavior. Social deprivation alters adult behavioral patterns, neuroanatomy, and neurochemistry in ways that resemble autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Adolescent mammals deprived opportunities for social interaction at this age display neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The experience of social play is essential for the normal trajectory of social and cognitive development. Social play emerges in early adolescence and is one of the primary types of social interaction seen early in life in mammals.

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